Penny
One spelling. All preserved contexts.
Read claims alongside their sources.
- Script
- Latin
- Compound status
- Unknown
- In this record
- Relationships: 3 · observations: 3
Candidate data 1.0.0. Unknown values have not been filled with guesses.
Language information
Dictionary information and other contexts are kept separate. A statistical territory does not establish the language of a name; a classification does not determine a person's gender.
Dictionary contexts
None provided for this spelling in this version.
Other contexts
| Language | Gender in source | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not specified | Not specified | Source classification | EvidenceLanguage: Not specified. Source category: Not specified. Basis: Source classification. This is a source claim, not a statement about a particular person. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"basis": "source_classification",
"context_id": "ctx:992c7cbd-4457-5c96-bfc3-04cb719edf3e",
"country": null,
"evidence_id": "ev:8e5f3979-6b2b-548a-8465-212fe88cd586",
"form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"gender": "unknown",
"language": null
} |
| English | Not specified | Usage evidence | EvidenceLanguage: English. Source category: Not specified. Basis: Usage evidence. This is a source claim, not a statement about a particular person. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"basis": "usage_evidence",
"context_id": "ctx:d59817b8-5718-56cb-afb4-42f17062804b",
"country": null,
"evidence_id": "ev:6d09793f-c6a8-5983-a3e4-6de665788e49",
"form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"gender": "unknown",
"language": "en"
} |
| Not specified | Female | Birth statistics | EvidenceLanguage: Not specified. Source category: Female. Basis: Birth statistics. This is a source claim, not a statement about a particular person. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"basis": "official_birth_statistics",
"context_id": "ctx:b5b41ce2-64cb-505d-a314-bb932329196a",
"country": "DE",
"evidence_id": "ev:846ee37d-e01f-5e91-96d0-5d8829f2e4ff",
"form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"gender": "female",
"language": null
} |
Related spellings
Every relationship has a direction and type. Source-reported equivalence does not imply universal interchangeability.
Relationships: 3
| From | To | Type | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Penny | Penelope | Source-reported equivalence | EvidenceThe source reports a relationship of type «Source-reported equivalence». The direction is shown in the table row. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"evidence_id": "ev:6ef60615-51ce-5fb0-949a-b582d74f2c7f",
"from_form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"language": null,
"link_id": "lnk:7f1f0b63-21c4-594a-98e8-794761d792c7",
"position": null,
"relation": "source_equivalence",
"scheme": null,
"to_form_id": "frm:088b4286-86ca-5bfb-bde0-00819e262f50"
} |
| Penny | Penélope | Source-reported equivalence | EvidenceThe source reports a relationship of type «Source-reported equivalence». The direction is shown in the table row. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"evidence_id": "ev:e63e04dc-1539-5395-a40d-199276ab6050",
"from_form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"language": null,
"link_id": "lnk:f50f7ac6-2f19-5522-a41d-cbfe8fcf5a38",
"position": null,
"relation": "source_equivalence",
"scheme": null,
"to_form_id": "frm:f0ec3740-880b-5c16-a2f7-132866bf0e6b"
} |
| Penny | Pennie | Source-reported equivalence | EvidenceThe source reports a relationship of type «Source-reported equivalence». The direction is shown in the table row. Open source and technical details →Technical details and JSONOriginal claim{
"evidence_id": "ev:9fa2c490-6d76-5109-8146-a173e07f3513",
"from_form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"language": null,
"link_id": "lnk:ecb28b03-7dc9-5215-8939-5a311fc5da23",
"position": null,
"relation": "source_equivalence",
"scheme": null,
"to_form_id": "frm:034f032d-faa8-5c3f-b311-12de58a4fe61"
} |
Usage in statistics
Series differ in coverage and counting units. Values cannot be added together to measure global popularity.
| Territory | Year | Category | Name position | Count |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 2025 | Female | Not available | 368 |
| England and Wales | 2025 | Female | Not available | 201 |
| Cologne | 2012 | Female | Not available | 1 |
An unspecified position is not treated as first position. Full counting units, methods and qualifications are preserved in the original data.
Observation technical details
[
{
"country": "US",
"global_name_gender_inferred": false,
"method": "deterministic_sum_of_source_counts",
"published_count": 368,
"reported_sex": "female",
"source_csv_rows": [
2150546
],
"source_ref": "US",
"year": 2025
},
{
"country": "GB",
"geography": "England and Wales",
"global_name_gender_inferred": false,
"method": "source_reported",
"population_scope_ref": "girls-2025.xlsx:Notes!A6:B6",
"published_count": 201,
"published_rank": 232,
"rank_quality": "consistent_with_published_counts",
"reported_sex": "female",
"source_csv_rows": [
48471
],
"source_ref": "GB",
"year": 2025
},
{
"aggregation_allowed": false,
"country": "DE",
"evidence_id": "ev:846ee37d-e01f-5e91-96d0-5d8829f2e4ff",
"geography": "Köln",
"global_name_gender_inferred": false,
"method": "source_reported",
"name_position": null,
"published_count": 1,
"published_rank": null,
"reported_sex": "female",
"resolved_text": "Penny",
"scope_note": "position_absent_repeated_keys_not_aggregated",
"source_csv_rows": [
14282
],
"source_observation_id": "obs:5ba65bcf-0260-5279-832b-53c9fdfc7d0e",
"source_ref": "DE_KOELN_HISTORY",
"source_reported_sex": "w",
"source_text": "Penny",
"text_method": "NFC",
"unit": "published_name_count_position_unspecified",
"year": 2012
}
]A source behind every claim
Preserved evidence referenced by this record. Expand a description to view its source; original values are available in the technical details.
Usage context: Not specified · Not specified · Source classification
Usage context: Not specified · Not specified · Source classification
Open source and technical details →Usage context: English · Not specified · Usage evidence
Usage context: English · Not specified · Usage evidence
Open source and technical details →Usage context: Not specified · Female · Birth statistics; Statistics: Cologne · 2012 · Female · count: 1 · name position: not specified
Usage context: Not specified · Female · Birth statistics; Statistics: Cologne · 2012 · Female · count: 1 · name position: not specified
Open source and technical details →Provenance of the record «Penny»
Provenance of the record «Penny»
Open source and technical details →Relationship «Penny → Penelope»: Source-reported equivalence
Relationship «Penny → Penelope»: Source-reported equivalence
Open source and technical details →Relationship «Penny → Penélope»: Source-reported equivalence
Relationship «Penny → Penélope»: Source-reported equivalence
Open source and technical details →Relationship «Penny → Pennie»: Source-reported equivalence
Relationship «Penny → Pennie»: Source-reported equivalence
Open source and technical details →Full record
All fields, including qualifiers, language qualifications, original codes and unknown values.
Open the full record JSON →Field and compound-status provenance
{
"field_evidence": [
{
"characters": " -‐‑–'’",
"evidence_id": "ev:c45035cb-90fe-57aa-b4f0-46c0354e4338",
"field": "contains_name_separator",
"form_id": "frm:bb4d7d64-b6ce-5726-be1d-b5fbfe791076",
"method": "deterministic",
"not_compound_classification": true,
"rule": "character-presence-001",
"value": false
}
],
"compound_claims": []
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